Medicine, Drugs, and the Internet Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Medications and Cyberspace   Since the get-go, people have been looking for a definitive answer. All through numerous societies, plants just as made substances are utilized both for mending and to widen observations and challenge reality. Medications are a piece of the perpetual advancement of the human species towards a higher and more noteworthy insight, sympathy and mindfulness or cognizance (Rushkoff, 34). Masters and shaman have unceasingly joined plant synthetic compounds into strategies for illumination.   For America, the mid 1950's denoted the rise in notoriety of hallucinogenic medications as a device for mind development (Kuhn, 163). Timothy Leary, a symbol of 60's medication subculture, just as computerized brain science clarifies, the hallucinogenic medication development of the 60's and the PC development of the 80's are internal and external impressions of one another. Leary additionally contends that just in the event that you comprehend something about PCs, would you be able to start to comprehend hallucinogenic medications (Sheff, 120).   Hallucinogenics deconstruct one's fundamental suppositions about existence, introducing decisions that are discretionary to the individual and the given society. In The Doors of Perception, Aldous Huxley thinks about the capacities of synthetic concoctions on the human brain: Managed in reasonable portions, peyote changes the nature of awareness more significantly but then is less poisonous than some other substances in the pharmacologist's repetory (Huxley, 9). Douglas Rushkoff, one in equivalent to Leary, has composed a few books on the subject of hallucinogenics and the internet. He accepts with the assistance of a hallucinogenic excursion, one can return [from tripping] and intentionally pick an alternate reality from one that has been settled upon... ...rception. New York: Harper & Row, 1954. Kimm, Todd. Can a Man Fly on the Internet? symbol. Vol. 16, Oct. 15, 1998, www.iconquest.com Kuhn, Cynthia; Scott Swartzwelder; Wilkie Wilson. Hummed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1998. Leary, Timothy. Devout Priest. New York: College Notes &Texts, Inc., 1968. Leinhard, John H. A Concern About Reality. No. 88. Nov. 1998. http://www.uh.edu/motors. McKenna, Terence. Obsolete Revivals. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1991. Neumann, Peter G. Are Computers Addictive? Communications of the ACM Vol. 40. No. 3 (March 1998): p. 128. Rushkoff, Douglas. Cyberia: Life in the Trenches of Hyperspace. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1994. Sheff, David. From Psychedelics to Cybernetics. Publish. Feb 1992: p.120 Taylor, Eugene. Hallucinogenics: The Second Coming. Psychology Today. Jul 1996: pp.56-59+

Level diploma for children and young peoples workforce

Levels certificate for kids and youthful people groups workforce BY tarsal 2345 SSH 31 : Promote correspondence in wellbeing social consideration or childcare and youngsters' setting. 1. 1 Identify the various reasons individuals convey The individuals speak with one another and the shifted techniques for correspondence; how correspondence influences people and gatherings. Correspondence influences the experts as well as the youngsters and the connections between the different individuals connected to the work place setting. Individuals speak with one another on a normal basis.This is a key aptitude obtained room birth, an expertise predominant in mankind since the get-go. It is an imperative basic instinct procured learned upgraded and rehearsed to make great. The most fundamental of which is discourse and non-verbal communication. Correspondence is an apparatus with which we practice our effect on others realize changes in the public arena, in ourselves, In our disposition and in o ur condition. Through correspondence we can propel the individuals around us and can set up and look after connections. Interchanges make up a significant piece of our every day dynamic life; and are a social necessity to blend through communication.It Is a social movement to verbally convey, relate by understanding composition or even non-verbal communication! Correspondence Is the giving and getting of data. Correspondence Is not explicit to strategies which discourse Is handed-off, for example, composing or perusing yet It Is refined by position, culture, and instruction. At the point when individuals live in/have a place with a specific culture or position or have comparable educative foundations. This adds to their outlook and conduct and prompts better comprehension of one another and In instances of various mentalities makes misconception. For this situation the mentality and comprehension and foundation of the individual with whom weInteract with our relational abilities wou ld appear to be Imperfect and Ineffective. A few reasons of correspondence 0 To convince 0 To give and offer Information/information 0 Ask questions 0 Express feelings 0 Maintain and advance great connections that are emotional In close to home social and expert levels 0 Good progression of Information Ensure individuals know their jobs and obligations Make sure standards and guidelines are completed Work all together Express needs and needs Negotiate and rent with others Interaction Avoid issues and mistaken assumptions place.Love getting sharing and thinking about one another all form a superior society, solidarity; the center of which is solid correspondence. In a work setting correspondence is significant as it is the most grounded factor we need to assemble and build up a connection between ourselves, the youngsters, their folks and our colleagues. By being a full of feeling communicator it assists with advancing and make a positive working environment.In a foundation where we fill in as a group correspondence is imperative to keep up the gathering soul, information about what's going on while working with kids It is indispensable to speak with different experts too, for example, Doctors medical attendant's folks teachers, social specialists there associates police officers fire men and so forth So it is significant that the remainder of the group is conveyed the data to too 1. 2 Explain how correspondence influences connections in the work setting.Information should be given to the significant individuals remembering the need of data to shield the web of kids and furthermore securing them and us as their Careers. I deal with a need to know For instance while I was out during school run time. My right hand was at home. I got a content from a parent that another person would be coming one hour ahead of schedule than ordinary to get the youngster. Because of system issues I was unable to call the assistant.So needed to call the parent to advise the individu al to hold up till I got back as I expected to talk about something, likewise vocation at home had no clue what was occurring, from that point that day I had a preparation with the parent that I should have in any event twenty minutes notice before get, regardless of whether right hand is at home; As I might be out. They should hold up until I return. Likewise I needed to have an instructions with my associate that should any of the guardians thump on the entryway and they are ignorant they should hold up till I return as I may need to converse with the guardians/transfer mother data etc.In thusly I kept my folks and collaborators mindful that we have to ensure things are all together. In any case things can leave hand and I have to keep up protecting for everybody. I ensured I was clear and exact and to the point and ensured they all comprehended the significance of the guidelines. I felt that as I was the primary job pioneer I ought to impart my needs and needs plainly with the go al that the others working under me will comprehend the standards and guidelines. Additionally the set out guidelines and guidelines should be reasonable and Just-not biased.So the connection between collaborators will be an upbeat one and a simple domain where the earth in smooth. With clear understanding associates would bolster one another and this is extremely crucial for a solid setting. I felt that I kept an expert and inviting methodology during my day. Now and again taking on Jobs where I felt the colleague required more assistance caused them to understand that we are a group not a manager against their representative. In a workplace it is likewise critical to have audits from guardians or associates that will help improve the setting, so we can think about our receptive and make a move to upgrade it.Another motivation behind why it is imperative to pass on data to one partner to another is the way that a few youngsters have sensitivities. Specialist didn't think about it o r didn't have the foggiest idea how or why it is set off, the kid could be at serious risk. This influences the kid's defending rights and appropriate preparing for this was required and full data should have been shared to secure both the kid and the profession from a troublesome and dangerous circumstance. In the event that the associate was missing/endlessly they have to know whether something new has happened to ensure they are up to date.I held a meeting with the aide, the parent and the medical caretaker engaged with the kid's treatment till date. Also, was given a full instructional meeting on how the viable pieces of the hypersensitivity is managed. Perceptions are a significant method to convey data in any event, for individual settings. Now and again I am working alone. Doing administrative work assists with organizing learning objectives and targets focusing on higher, knowing the youngster's latent capacity and expecting to build up any immature areas.If we correspondenc e with kids and youngsters: we need some key expertise to make our sways and aptitudes increasingly equipped 0 Being patient= being able to control our selves when there is attempting circumstances 0 Listening skills= tune in to and comprehend the kid/Rene needs however much as could be expected 0 Remembering= names, individual inclinations extraordinary things to them to cause them to feel like they have a place and this is where they are a piece of a little family 0 Body language = ensuring our non-verbal communication and stance is certain so the kids can decidedly create 0 Maintaining a decent eye = when we converse with kids look so they know that the discussion is for them and they are the individual it is focused on 0 Sensitivity = utilizing word deliberately chosen 0 Showing warmth love mindful, downplaying, earnestness positive estimations of others and so on 0 Safeguarding = ensuring that all their physical and mental premiums are consistently need. Privacy = ensuring we d on't educate others regarding what's going on in our settings.So youngsters' data is remained careful For instance as far as I can tell I found that occasionally data can be misconstrued, for example, one day I had masterminded a parent to come and meet me at the library, for a meeting where I would peruse with the kids and she would likewise explain with the kids. As I had referenced quickly that I would be taking them to library A; yet she had thought it was library B and went to an alternate library. Anyway we settled the issue when I understood and I rerouted to the subsequent library. Fortunately there was a phone discussion where I had gotten from her that she was in library b and without accusing either side got together at library b. Parent understood the misconception and we ensured that in future we will be away from accurate setting as there are a couple of libraries close by.

Research Essay Topics

Research Essay TopicsHaving a Research Essay Topic That Works for Your College Advanced Placement Exam is a must when participating in this challenging college course. While your subject matter knowledge and skill sets are paramount to be a successful AP student, no student should avoid this course. To achieve the best scores possible, students need to study their college coursework. While you cannot hide from the AP exam if it comes your way, you can create essay topics that will work well for the college course you plan to take.The first thing you need to do is look at the guidelines and the rules set forth by the college's writing section on essay topics. They will also dictate the overall tone of the essay. It is important to note that the overall tone of your essay is also something you should take into consideration when you create your essay topic.While you might be aware of all of the tips you need to take when writing your perfect AP essay, it is essential that you pay atten tion to the general tone of the essay. If you choose the wrong topic, your essay could be labeled as one that is not appropriate for college courses. Choosing the right topics is the foundation of creating an essay that readers will truly enjoy.The students who do well in college class will often have excellent skills in the areas of reading, writing, and spelling. However, it is imperative that students use these skills to great effect when composing their essays. Because the college courses are so rigorous, it is imperative that the students study and take notes to create effective research. For this reason, research essay topics must be carefully planned.Students should try to develop their own research method and the steps they take to conduct their research when writing their essay. Remember that there is no specific order to conduct research, as long as it is done effectively. However, students should select an approach that is sure to get the desired results when preparing th eir essay.One of the most overlooked components of writing an essay is to take great care to understand the point of the essay. Although you might be well versed in a particular area, understanding the points of an essay is often key to successfully writing one. Students must be sure to carefully consider the essay's purpose, what the desired outcome is, and how to best accomplish it. This is a vital part of the process and will ensure that your essay will stand out from the crowd.Once you understand what your essay is supposed to accomplish, the next step is to determine the appropriate structure for your essay. Of course, it is important to make certain that you keep your essay simple, yet to the point. You will also want to create a clear outline of the sections of your essay, so that you can ensure that each section flows naturally encourages the reader to continue reading.When students select their essay topics, they should ensure that the topics are chosen with the sole intent of receiving a high grade on the AP test. A research essay should not be considered a hobby or an additional class but rather a tool that will help the student receive an excellent grade. If you follow the guidelines that are outlined by the college, you should be able to write a great research essay topic.

Antisocial Personality Disorder ( Walsh Wu - 2983 Words

Antisocial Personality Disorder Imagine this, Jerry Smith, is considered to be the â€Å"bad kid† in high school with an extensive juvenile record. He steals from other students and lies about it. He is irritable and picks fights daily. Jerry gets bad grades, and it appears that he does not care. As an adult, he is a con artist and cannot seem to hold a decent job due to his impulsivity. Jerry thinks that life is not fair. According to the research, individuals who possess these antisocial behaviors during childhood commit most crimes in adulthood (Walsh Wu, 2008). Therefore, understanding personality traits that may lead to criminal behavior is of great interest. It appears that individuals who possess these personality traits function, as criminals in our society, of these, the antisocial personality, or the related term â€Å"psychopath or sociopath,† is one specific psychological syndrome. Development of Psychopath/sociopath Terminology Outside of a psychological perspective, the term antisocial personality is not recognized (Walsh Wu, 2008). The most common term to describe these behaviors is known as â€Å"psychopath.† Despite the similarities between the two terms, research suggests that they are distinct constructs from an empirical point of view. Most cases of psychopathy are diagnosed within prison or other forensic settings and will meet the DSM-5 criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), whereas only 15-25% of the cases of APD will meet criteriaShow MoreRelatedThe National Violence Against Women2318 Words   |  10 Pagesbreak (Nelson, Adrine, Alpert, Buel, 2005). Antisocial Behavior Theory Many previous studies examined the link between physical abuse and IPV perpetration, such as family roles perspective vs. antisocial behavior trait perspective (Fang Corso, 2008). Not much has been done to examine the mechanisms linking other forms of child maltreatment (neglect and sexual abuse) and IPV perpetration (Fang Corso, 2008). There has been work tested on the antisocial behavior trait perspective vs. family rolesRead MoreA Review of Coping Skills for Early Sexual Abuse Victims8961 Words   |  36 Pagescoping competence theory will assess a child’s ability to cope with sexual abuse. According to the theory, children cope with challenges in prosocial, antisocial, or asocial ways. When using a prosocial response, children will constructively work to overcome sexual abuse by relying on their own resources or asking for help. When using an antisocial response, children will attempt to cope with sexual abuse in an aggressive or destructive manner which may result i n negative outcomes. When using anRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication

Nutrition Is The Science That Deals With Food And How The...

What is nutrition? Nutrition is the science that deals with food and how the body uses it (Dwyer). Eating and maintaining the right nutrition in a diet is a key part of living a happy and healthy lifestyle. Eating healthy has many benefits that most people are uneducated about. Educating people about this can completely turn lives around. Having the right diet and eating healthy can help prevent health related diseases, gives energy to get through the day, and helps muscle growth and weight loss. Health related diseases are common in the world today. Many people suffer from diet and health related diseases every day. Having a healthy diet can help to prevent many diseases like heart disease, hypertension (high blood pressure), type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancer. Controlling your portion size can help prevent these types of diseases (â€Å"Heart-healthy diet†). Eating the right amount of food for a certain diet can do wonders for your health. This means that a person should eat the right amount of food for their body, not someone else’s. An athlete will have to eat more than a person who is trying to slim down. Another way to help prevent health related diseases is eat more vegetables and fruits. Vegetables and fruits are great sources of vitamins and minerals. They are also low in calories and high in dietary fiber. Selecting whole grains whole grains for a diet is also key. Whole grains are high in fiber and can help regulate blood pressure and heartShow MoreRelatedCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 Pages76 78 79 81 93 93 99 103 Total number of characters excl. spaces: 174.837 (79,47 standard A4 pages). 4 CSR COMMUNICATION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Josà © Javier Levrino Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore how companies within the pharmaceutical industry manage their CSR strategy and communication. Design/Methodology/Approach: Given the objectives and nature of the research, this investigation is guided by a hermeneutics scientific paradigm. Approached fromRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescentury. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. Moya

I Want to Become a Forensic Psychologist - 1067 Words

Forensic Psychologist Shows like â€Å"Criminal Minds† have made the forensics psychologist field progress. What do forensic psychologist do? â€Å"Forensic psychologist is the application of the science and profession of psychology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system.† (An Overview of Forensic Psychology, 2014)The career I want to engage in is forensic psychologist but first you have to learn the work environment, the education, the earnings, the outlook, the pros, and the cons. â€Å"With numerous portrayals in books, movies and television programs, interest in forensic psychology has grown significantly in recent years.† (An Overview of Forensic Psychology, 2014) The work environment of forensic psychologist varies widely. â€Å"Working hours are typically nine to five, with some flexibility required. Evening and weekend work may occasionally be necessary.† (Forensic Psychologist, 2012) Most of the time you will always be on the call. Being on call means at any time you could get a call and have to drop what you are doing and go tend to what the call was about. As a trainee you are supervised then as time progresses and you progress the supervision becomes less. â€Å"Forensic psychologist work not only with prisoners and offenders but also with other professionals involved in the judicial penal systems, and with victims of crime.†(Forensic Psychologist: Job Description, Ed. AGCAS, Aug 2012) To become a forensics psychologist I will at least need to have aShow MoreRelatedThe Fantastic Field Of Forensic Psychology1327 Words   |  6 PagesKaylin Mize Mrs. Lozares Honors English II 15 February 2017 The Fantastic Field of Forensic Psychology 1 Forensic psychology is a developing science that is quickly being utilized in many industries. It is a very difficult choice of career, but perhaps that’s why I am so attracted to it. I’ve always been curious about the mind. I am not interested in so much as to the physical makeup of the brain such like a neurologist. I am more attracted to the chemical imbalances that can make someone develop a mentalRead MoreThe Importance Of Becoming A Forensic Psychologist1218 Words   |  5 Pagesfuture. Every minute of every day is spent trying to become better equipped, whether it be voluntary or an instinct. Picking a career is just one example of an aspect in life that is heavily dependent on choices throughout life. Decisions about what courses to take, what college to attend, what major to pick, where to live after graduation, all depend on the career a person is pursuing. For someone who desires to enter the department of forensic psychology, certain steps must be taken. It is essentialRead MoreA Brief Note On Forensic Psychology And The Criminal Justice System1270 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant. One critical job linked to the criminal justice system is that of a forensic psychologist. Forensic psychology requires a background in psychology, but works primarily in the court system. Most of the time, a forensic psychologist applies their expertise in psychology to a case, whether it is by assessing a defendant’s mental competency or determining how a pre-existing condition influenced a crime. Forensic psychology requires certain steps to be taken. It is essential that one is properlyRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Forensic Psychology1558 Words   |  7 PagesEver since I was little I was extremely observant of the people surrounding me. I would watch and study their behaviors, always trying to figure out their thoughts and emotions. Recently I have realized that I could put my childhood play into a real life paying job, only instea d of my peers I would get to study criminals. I don’t know much about Forensic Psychology other than the fact that I must achieve a PsyD, and I would be assigned different cities to live and work in. I want to learn about whatRead MoreForensic Psychology : A Unique Twist On Regular Psychology1634 Words   |  7 Pages Forensic psychology is a unique twist on regular psychology. Remarkably the job of a forensic is a more intense psychiatrist. This is because they do more than normal psychiatrist. A Forensic Psychiatrist is a doctor that has training in psychiatry and forensic that come together to be used with in different aspects of the law (Forensic Psychiatrist: Job Description, 2013). I am interested in Forensic Psychiatrist as a career because it deals with both Forensic and psychology and I am very fascinatedRead MorePSY 305 Week 1 Exploring Psychology Careers Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Exploring Psychology Careers Sara M. Covey PSY 305 February 6, 2015 Dr. Sheila Rapa Exploring Psychology Careers Everyone who decides to enroll in college must, at some point, think about what area they want to major in. There are many things that students consider when choosing a major. Some make their decision based on what they think can make them the most money once they begin their lives in the work force. However, many students believe that if you choose a major that interestsRead MorePersonal Career Goal Paper 763 Words   |  4 Pageswould be the forensics and the ability to diagnose an individual that tries to say that he or she is mentally unstable. I feel that this is one of the biggest factors that helps prosecute some of the world’s most profound individual’s known to our legal system. Forensic Psychologists: Roles and  Activities An interesting article I encountered in regards to my career goals was one written by, John Wiley, named, â€Å"Forensic Psychologists: Roles and Activities†. Forensic psychologists have a role inRead MoreThe Criminal Justice Program At Saint Leo University917 Words   |  4 PagesAs a child, if you asked me what I wanted to be when I grow up, and I answered a lawyer undoubtingly. Once my parents denied signing any of my financial aid forms for school, all of my optimism for that dream went downhill. One thing that has always been consistent is my love for fighting for what is right for the people. My passion for the law and people aided my decision to join the military. Upon my retirement from the military, I was compelled to enroll in the Criminal Justice program at SaintRead MoreCriminal Psychology, And Forensic Psychology1490 Words   |  6 Pagesfocuses only on criminal psychology. The research provided is a description of what is required to become a criminal psycho logist; the information includes an in-depth look into â€Å"what a criminal psychologist is†. Types of educational and training background are required, such as what degrees are needed. The use of different assessment and intervention methods and what types of cases a criminal psychologist handles. 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The Study of Linguistics Essay Example For Students

The Study of Linguistics Essay Language changes with history and time. Our perception ofwords changes. Everything changes, from cooking with fire tocooking with a microwave.Even language changes, examples areaccents and books, influential people, and historical occurrences. Accents shows development of culture over time, maybe over ahistorical occurrence, such as a new country being found, thepeople living there might adopt the culture of the founders. Language also changes, from using different sounds in words, whichare called phonemes. The english language has about 43 different phonemes, such asOH, EE, etc. which make up our language. Different cultures, suchas some Indian Tribes, may have more or less phonemes in theirlanguage, showing either a lower form of language with less wordsand sounds or a higher form with only the necessary sounds andwords. Also the syntax, also known as grammar, have an effect on thesociety. There is no proper way to write a book, for example,but just a standard way everyone uses. This may be thought of asthe proper way but rebels will use no periods and have one longparagraph in a 400 page book. Maybe the culture says it ismandatory to have everything in one continuous sentence, whileothers more civilized or advanced will follow the rules to the veryletter. Accents also have different languages linked to them. Different letters, phrases, and even a whole new language may becreated in the process of learning the language, over time and ametamorphosis to keep up with the changing world. Letters are called graphemes, meaning the 26 letters of thealphabet, more or less in different languages. In inuit forexample, every grapheme follows a very obvious pattern of a prefixfollowed by a certain suffix, a combination of vowels andconsonants. For example, there might be a set of the letters r, t,and h, and with the suffixes oo, ot, etc. Different symbols can also be associated with differentcultures. The cross is associated with our religion, although itmight not be in Tasmania, for example. The newer addition of thesesymbols helps to understand the concept more clearly, as intelevision, which is like a talking and showing book. How can language have meaning? Through time it may lose andgain new meaning, through historical occurrences, for example. During the war, a whole new kind of lingo spread like wildfirethrough the battling nations. The study of how language containsmeaning is called semantics, and through this we can see what hasoccurred and what will occur, like a time machine right before oureyes which we must study to use efficiently. The influence of different people has a major effect on ourlives. Our political system, family, friends, this all mayadversely affect our lives in ways we might regret. Influentialpeople coining words, for example might nuke a country. GeorgeBush set a world record by saying the most metaphors in hispresidential speech after winning. Language might not changeobviously with historical occurrences, but it does. The change is obvious in historical occurrences which affectthe whole world. The meeting in the Gulf has stirred up anentire planet, maybe starting a war which will devastate the earth. As gas prices rise, everything needing fuel does. The means ofcommunication between two people change, from ignorance toshouting, to whispering, to nothing between the two. Ourperception of the concept must be clear before we can actuallycommunicate efficiently, language itself must be understood fullyfor it to be used fully. Changing with history and time means a whole new environmentto live in where we must constantly adapt to our surroundings tosurvive. Car insurance, for example, was considered a luxury 70years ago, now it is life and death. The change can be so subtleover time that it hits us so hard we do not expect it, withhorrendous results sometimes the outcome. Freedom Of Expression EssayPerhaps he though the spanish to be a dominant race in the futurewhen he created this language? Or did he want the whole world tocome together as one to cooperate and live freely? The perceptionis different with time and culture, as in the future the spanishwill dominate the earth and spanish will die, revealing theundercoating of another language, another culture?Peoples perception of modern language and the language of oldis surprising. In a survey, ninety six percent of the peoplethought of old language as words like thou, thee, dost, ye, etc. And in the same survey, when an example was given, people followedthe example, not reading the question fully. I purposely miswordedthe phrase to see what people would write. The results are surprising. Only TWO people answered the question right. The others wrotewords with the same meaning. like big-large, etc. like in t heexample. The reading and the understanding of the question showshow people have developed their understanding over time. As new concepts are developed, used, and used again, a wholenew language might be created from it. Names for the new conceptsare also created, as with robots. Airplanes, cars, and many othermachines are examples. A second generation from that mightpronounce things differently, like over here we pronounce LevisLEE-VIES, while in Europe, they pronounce it LEH-VIS. This showsa change to adapt to their language, french. Language has to expand to take on the new concepts we develop. Historical events, such as wars, have a part in uniting twocultures or destroying two. They can destroy one, leaving them topick up the pieces and to start over, or bring two together to makea whole new language. This is good in a way, but if a culture iscompletely destroyed, can it come back to its previous stature?Can it get better?Our perception of phrases can be altered too. As our sense ofhumor has developed from medieval England, for example, we developour phrases too. Fred lost a string in the house which was alltied up. What do you see? Fred looking for a knotted string? OrFred looking at a knotted house? Our perception of this phrasemight have been only one, the first one, while today there aremillions of possibilities. Language in the form of humor, changeswith time. If we were freezed in time right now, and woke up in the year2090, we would be surprised and shocked to find ourselves there. If we had no way of going home, we wo uld have to stay, and adaptto the new cultures. We have not seen what has transpired beforethat, so we do not know what to do.But, if we had stayed in 1990and let our evolution take place, we would have seen everything. In the future this is like learning a new culture all by itself. Language changes with historical occurences and time. Timechanges it, the influences of people change it, history changes it. We all live it, and the change everyday is so subtle we oftencannot detect it. If we were zapped into the future, we would findit foriegn, because we do not know the language and cultures. Historical influences can unite two cultures, destroy many, makenew ones. We all have a different perception of what language isand how it changes, and it might change when we share thatinformation with others, getting their ideas and using our own. Our standards and meanings of words changes too, our sounds andsyntax expanding for new concepts. New concepts help us tounderstand the world, new concepts are made with time and the needfor them. Language is a wonderful thing that we all use and changeourselves to our own suits and needs.

UC Prompt 1 Essay Examples

UC applications went through an overhaul this year, but that doesn’t mean we can’t learn anything from old essay examples written by recent UC students. UC applicants now have to write 4 short essays of the 8 prompts provided, but recent UC college students had to write 2 longer essays. One of which is: PROMPT #1: Describe the world you come from—for example, your family, community or school—and tell us how your world has shaped your dreams and aspirations. Here are 5 essay excerpts from UC Berkeley students from the Class of 2019: Lord of the Lords The flames flicker, vivacious and bright, growing taller and taller. My eyes watch them dance. They are beautiful and full of life. Fire can grow in the same way people can, absorbing some things while merely illuminating others. I watch the flames mount a moment more, before hurtling toward them, yelling my chant, â€Å"Zardi-ye man az toh, sorkhi-ye toh az man!† Keep reading. UCberkeley2019 I live in Corona, California; a small city that advertises itself as a bright landmark once notable for its exhilarating racetracks. However, there is neither much excitement in my town, nor is thee much to do. On rare occasions, the thrills and action occur at times of congestion on the 91 freeway, yet that still isnt exciting. Continue reading.AndyDC Reflecting back on my childhood, I have come to appreciate the little things that have led me to where I am today. My family was underprivileged growing up, but I did not feel it was a hindrance to my growth. I made the best of my childhood by capitalizing on the opportunities afforded to me. I am grateful for my economical childhood, as I believe it was a character-building experience. Read more. Rkfong I attend the Developing Virtue Boys School (DVBS) on the grounds of the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas, a large Buddhist monastery in rural Northern California, where rubbing elbows with monks, devoted laypeople and peacocks is the norm. Yes, my next door neighbors are monks.View full profile. Srergio It was my first day of first grade, the teacher spoke a different language, and strangers simply stared at me with their judging eyes. The kids tried talking to me, but since I didn’t understand English they just started laughing at me. My eyes filled with tears, my teacher immediately called home and moments later my mother came to take me home. As we walked to our small home in Modesto I couldn’t even look her in the eyes, I knew she was disappointed; I had failed.See profile. Interested in reading these students full UC essays that got them into UC Berkeley? Unlock all of them in one go with our UC Berkeley Package!Ourpremium plansoffer different level of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school. Unlock any of ourpackagesor search ourundergraduate profile databaseto find specific profiles that can help you make an informed choice about where to apply! Not sure if you want to apply to the UCs yet? Do your research andbrowse throughprofiles of studentsaccepted to see essays, stats, and advice.See how they got in, and how you can too!

History of Depression essays

History of Depression essays HISTORY OF DEPRESSION: Depressive illness has been known since biblical times. The word depression comes from the Latin word deprimere (to press down). Thus it means feeling pressed down, sad or low. In the late Middle Ages, religious leaders believed depression was caused by posession of evil spirits. The German religious reformer Martin Luther wrote All heaviness of the mind and melancholy comes of the Devil. Through the years depression has been treated with such remedies as whipping, bloodletting, exorcism and soothing baths. By the 1960s, antidepressant medications were discovered that relieved depression by correcting chemical imbalances in the brain and because of that many scientists started to believe that depression was caused by neurochemical imbalances rather than psychological traumas. It has never been proven what really causes depression, the modern belief is in the combination of both causes. Until 1980s, psychiatrists did not believe that children and teenagers could suffer from depression. They thought that true depression can not exist before person develops idealized self-image (called the supergo), but tests and surveys have shown otherwise, that also strengthens the chemical theory DEPRESSED OR JUST FEELING SAD? It is very important to distinguish depression from normal state of feeling sad. Sad mood can be instantly relieved by something good or exciting happening while a truly depressed person could be given a free car of his/her choice and still feel sad. As you read above, depression means long and hopeless sadness. If depression grows untreated, sufferers feel more and more hopeless and helpless, they feel as there's no one or nothing that can help them to be happy again, they believe that things will only get worse, never better. In some really severe cases depressants find that any ordinary activity such as getting out of bed, eating or even talking requires enormous energy. Eventually, these individuals ha...

Creating Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Creating Strategy - Research Paper Example The opening of the thesis report consists of the description of office of Human Resources. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the main agency under the United States Department of Health and Human Services that is mandated by the United States government to conduct health- related and biomedical research. In order to operate effectively and efficiently to meet the client’s needs and expectations, NIH has, among other offices, the Office of Human Resources (OHR) and Client Services Division. OHR provides strategic leadership in assessment and development of human resources policies and program of the Department of Health and Human Services. Additionally, OHR links the Department to the central management agencies which provide consultative and operational services. Specifically, OHR has an operation arm of called the Client Services Division. This division’s key goal is to provide the best possible customer service in addition to creating positive, strong relatio nship between OHR and the Institutes or Centers (ICs) staff. Client Services Division has 10 branches which often operate inconsistently. They all serve different institutes which they are adapted to operate certain processes differently. Also, some are stricter on their institutes than other, while others are simply more efficient. These inconsistent operations among Client Services Division’s branches are not desirable as they result to clients obtaining varying services in regard to quality, time, efficiency, and effectiveness. Therefore, it is important to create a strategy for making the 10 branches of the Division to operate consistently and ensure that they all deliver services in a more efficient, effective, and timely manner that meets client’s needs and expectations. Creation of the Strategy Creation of the strategy will be based on the Harvard Business Review’s "What is Strategy", "Blue Ocean Strategy", "Pfizer Inc. Building An Innovation Center" case study, "Crafting Strategy" and "5 Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy." In order to create appropriate strategy for an organization, it is important to understand the forces that shape competition (Porter, 2006). Porter (2006) identifies these forces as the following: threat to entry; the power of suppliers; the power of buyers; the threat of substitutes; and, rivalry among existing competitors. Creation of strategy for the Client Services Division should thus take these forces into account so as to have a successful strategy in the long- run. Mintzer (1987) advises that crafting of strategy should take into consideration the patterns from the past and plans for the future. Therefore, in creating a strategy for the Client Services Division of the NIH with a bid to making the ten branches operate consistently, the patterns of the past and the plans for the future will be considered. In regard to patterns from the past, the fact that the branches have been operating inconsistently especially regard to time and efficiency will be considered. On the other hand, the plans for the future which is to ensure that these branches operate consistently will be considered to ensure that these plans are achievable within a given period of time and the amount of resources needed to achieve them. Taking these two important aspects into consideration will be critical in aligning the past patterns with the strategy that seeks to achieve the new goal (Mintzer, 1987). Porter (1996) argues that creation of strategy in most cases seek to attain operational effectiveness and consistency with the aim of improving organizational performance. This proposition is true in regard to the Client Services Division of the NIH; the strategy created will be essential in leading to superior performance which is indeed the main goal of any organization. Since it is an established fact that Client Services D

Blog proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Blog proposal - Essay Example In addition, media has allowed increased educational gains for the audiences. Increased research has allowed mediums of communications to serve better than ever (Ward). However, in the recent times, the impact of media has been adverse on the political economy. It is being proposed here that the story that will be written within the field of journalism will be about media terrorism. The concept of media terrorism will be introduced in the blog post as an English expression where it will be studied in the context of news mediums being used for terrorists’ information. The best example that can be taken in order to study the aspect of news terrorism can be Al-Jazeera channel through which the information regarding terrorists’ activities and protocols are broadcasted. Some of the news agencies believe that giving out such information to the general public is extremely dangerous because it is more likely to increase panic within the civic life. Also, it is more likely to ma ke the defensive operations halting or prone to have loopholes. However, at the same time, there are arguments which are posed against keeping secrecy from general audiences. It is stated that nation needs to understand and get informed about problems that may occur in the longer run. It is mainly because anything terrorist activity that is more likely to happen within a country would directly impact the lives of people. Therefore, they must be educated about such issues and aspects (Ward). It should be noted that there are different dimensions to this subject matter. As mentioned above, there are two schools of thought when it comes to the subject of news terrorism. At one point, there can be people who are against the aspect of informing about terrorists threats while on the other hand, there are people who claim that one must be aware of such threats because it can allow respective authorities to take relevant actions to stay alert

Office Management Essay Example for Free

Office Management Essay According to Npower (Business Case Studies) Often these decisions are administrative in nature and can be implemented quickly and tend to carry a little risk and are smaller scale, but are never the less important choices that people have to make to fulfil their role. Strategic Decision Implementing that laptops are to be used by partners while out of the office would be a strategic decision. There are lots of problems with the partners being out of the office and with the use of laptops as communication tools this will provide a direct link between the office staff and the partners. I believe that this is a strategic decision as with the right planning and overseeing the development this could really be a step forward for Classic Interiors because work can be exchanged between partners and the office and messages can be passed on effectively meaning that there won’t be a build-up of work or office staff with no work and communication between everyone will be made a lot easier. Operational Decision Stipulating a lunch time for each staff member would be an organisational decision. The current system for lunch time is not convenient as the employees get to decide when they go as long as one of them is in the office. I believe this is an operational decision because if affects the day to day running of the organisation. If the administrators were set a lunch hour each they would have to stick to it and get used to working alongside the time set. Role of Office Manager Operational Planning Process As the office manager my role in establishing a new routine for lunch hour would be to organise a meeting to communicate the proposed changes with administrators and gain their views. Then I would create a plan to put forward to the administrators and partners. When a decision has been reached and the new plan is put into action I would have to oversee the progress of the plan gathering feedback at every opportunity. Issues There is increased frustration between partners and administrators due to the partners carrying out task they believe the administrators could be doing which would free up more time for the partners. The solution to this would be to for all administrators to be trained how to use the specialist interior design software, this would enable them to alleviate the work load from the partners and feel more involved in the design side of their work. This would likely be time consuming to train the administrators but the overall outcome would be beneficial to the company. The relationship between partners and the administrators is suffering due to the partners being out of the office as communication is often via short telephone messages and emails which has led to information being mis-communicated. The solution would be to introduce the use of PDA’s (Personal digital Assistants) for partners to be able to communicate with administrators. This would enable the administrators to contact the partners if a problem arises while carrying out work so that no mistakes are made and also they would be able to check their diaries to make appointments without the chance of double booking. Instant messaging could also help with communication as they are received instantly and can be replied to in seconds. Financial Planning and Budgetary Control Financial Planning According to Jim Priebe (ehow) A financial plan is like a blue print. It is a description of what you want to achieve and the tools you need to achieve it. Financial planning is the process of asking questions to ensure that you manage your risk against unexpected events. Managers need to be able to exercise control over the organisation that they manage to make sure that financial plans are being achieved both for the long term and the short term. Benefits of financial planning are: 1 Reducing the risk of a financial crisis. 2 Allows you to understand how each financial decision made affects other areas of finance. Barriers of financial planning are: 1 It can be time consuming 2 Can be costly as will involve accountants. Budgetary Control Budgetary control is precise control of an organisations operations through establishment of standards and targets concerning income and expenditure. Continuous monitoring is required to be effective. Benefits of budgetary control are: 1 Coordinates activities across departments. 2 Provides a record of organisational activities. Barriers of budgetary control are: 1 Budgets can demotivate staff. 2 May cause competition for resources. Effective Delegation Delegation is the distribution of tasks by the office manager. Giving responsibilities to employees to carry out the work but the work will remain liable to the office manager. When delegation is carried out properly very good results and high productivity can be achieved. The Process of Delegation Delegation can be very difficult. The process of delegation is: 1 Define the task 2 Select the Individual 3 Explain what must be achieved (clear instructions) 4 Discuss requirement to completion 5 Agree a deadline 6 Be there for support 7 Always give feedback Benefits Time management would be a benefit of delegation as this would allow partners to delegate work so that they have a more manageable work load. Delegating tasks will motivate staff and increase productivity. Barriers Forcing someone to do a task that they don’t want to or are not capable of would be a barrier, this can be seen in the case study when Izzy asked one of the administrators to just follow what had been done before. This lead to the administrator getting upset and Izzy feeling unable to approach anyone else. This could have been avoided by management setting out a procedure for staff to follow and allocating the task to someone suitable. Confusion about who is ultimately responsible for tasks is a barrier to effective delegation, this can be seen in the case study as partners are frustrated because they believe that administration is responsible for some of their tasks. This can be corrected by training administrators to make the delegation process easier. Leadership Models I think Tomi uses democratic leadership. As Tomi involves the staff in the decision making process of meeting times and encouraged staff to offer their opinions which made the administrators feel like what they said mattered. I believe Izzi uses Autocratic Leadership. When Izzi was in charge she would decide the times of meetings even when it was inconvenient to the others meaning work started to suffer which she then thought they could not manage and devised a new procedure which is hopeless but Izzi cannot see this. Staff find it difficult to communicate with her. Autocratic Leadership works where there is no need for input on the decisions and Democratic leadership works when a leader seeks help and guidance from staff to make decisions. Democratic leadership The impact of this leadership style is that it gives staff a voice and they are able to communicate better with management. Democratic leadership style encourages better cooperation and motivates staff because they feel well informed in everything that affects their work. Autocratic Leadership The impact of this leadership style is that it fails to motivate staff and they feel forced to do things managements way although It is not always the best way and staff become stressed being pushed. Autocratic leadership style encourages no communication between staff and management as management make all the decisions based on what they feel is best for the organisation. References Hamel, G. (2008) ‘What is strategic Decision Making’ http://smallbusiness. chron. com/strategic-decision-making-23782. html Npower. ‘Developing people through decision making’ http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/npower/developing-people-through-decision-making/tactical-decisions. html Priebe, J. ‘What is the purpose of Financial Planning’ http://www. ehow. com/info_7755005_purpose-financial-plan. html

Too Much Science in Walden Two by B.F. Skinner Essay -- Psychology

Too Much Science? In the 1930s, Europe began to fall under the shadow of socialism with the rise of the Nazi party in Germany, the Communist Revolution in Russia, and the Fascist uprising in Italy. Americans tried to ignore this growing crisis in Europe for as long as possible; even some in the United Kingdom were not unduly concerned with this sudden change. Some people, including authors Aldous Huxley, were startled and put their fears down on paper. Huxley’s Brave New World shows an unsettling optimistic front that covers the disturbing reality of a futuristic socialist world. After the war ended, more novels about the socialism appeared, George Orwell’s 1984 and B.F. Skinner’s Walden Two as a few examples, though they are complete opposites on the views of socialism presented. In Walden Two, the tone is very positive. The head of the community, a man named T.E. Frazier, explains every aspect of the thriving communal settlement to a group of curious enquirers. The party includes an old colleague of Frazier’s, a psychology professor named Burris, a philosophy professor named Augustine Castle, and two veteran soldiers from World War Two named Steve Jamnik and Rogers, along with their girlfriends Mary Grove and Barbara Macklin, respectively. Frazier walks them through all the workings of the Walden Two community, from the agricultural processes, sheep herding techniques, and work schedules to the moral code, education system, and personal relationships. He says that one of the problems with the United States government is that it does not use the scientific process to find out what the people of the nation need and want. He claims that everything runs so smoothly in Walden Two because the community is... ...t provider for people of all ages and races, with equality of the sexes and gentle behavioral engineering that encourages art and science. Huxley’s Brave New World, on the other hand, shows how drastically wrong genetic and behavioral sciences could go if allowed to do so. Both novels show how communal living solves numerous social problems, though Walden Two has a much more peaceful setting instead of the mock one created by Huxley. The question both books bring up is how far the human race should allow science to go before we become carbon copies of each other or even completely inhuman. But then, how far is too far? Works Cited Skinner, B.F. Walden Two. United States of America: Prentice Hall, 1976. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York, New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. [c1932]; Huxley.com, 1998. 16 September 2004. . Too Much Science in Walden Two by B.F. Skinner Essay -- Psychology Too Much Science? In the 1930s, Europe began to fall under the shadow of socialism with the rise of the Nazi party in Germany, the Communist Revolution in Russia, and the Fascist uprising in Italy. Americans tried to ignore this growing crisis in Europe for as long as possible; even some in the United Kingdom were not unduly concerned with this sudden change. Some people, including authors Aldous Huxley, were startled and put their fears down on paper. Huxley’s Brave New World shows an unsettling optimistic front that covers the disturbing reality of a futuristic socialist world. After the war ended, more novels about the socialism appeared, George Orwell’s 1984 and B.F. Skinner’s Walden Two as a few examples, though they are complete opposites on the views of socialism presented. In Walden Two, the tone is very positive. The head of the community, a man named T.E. Frazier, explains every aspect of the thriving communal settlement to a group of curious enquirers. The party includes an old colleague of Frazier’s, a psychology professor named Burris, a philosophy professor named Augustine Castle, and two veteran soldiers from World War Two named Steve Jamnik and Rogers, along with their girlfriends Mary Grove and Barbara Macklin, respectively. Frazier walks them through all the workings of the Walden Two community, from the agricultural processes, sheep herding techniques, and work schedules to the moral code, education system, and personal relationships. He says that one of the problems with the United States government is that it does not use the scientific process to find out what the people of the nation need and want. He claims that everything runs so smoothly in Walden Two because the community is... ...t provider for people of all ages and races, with equality of the sexes and gentle behavioral engineering that encourages art and science. Huxley’s Brave New World, on the other hand, shows how drastically wrong genetic and behavioral sciences could go if allowed to do so. Both novels show how communal living solves numerous social problems, though Walden Two has a much more peaceful setting instead of the mock one created by Huxley. The question both books bring up is how far the human race should allow science to go before we become carbon copies of each other or even completely inhuman. But then, how far is too far? Works Cited Skinner, B.F. Walden Two. United States of America: Prentice Hall, 1976. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York, New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. [c1932]; Huxley.com, 1998. 16 September 2004. .

Boko Haram

Boko Haram From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Boko Haram People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad | Participant in the Nigerian Sharia conflict| Active| 2002–| Ideology| Islamism Islamic fundamentalism Oppose man-made law Support strict sharia law| Leaders| Mohammed Yusuf Abubakar Shekau[1] Mallam Sanni Umaru[2][3][not in citation given]Abu Qaqa – spokesman[4] Abu Zaid – spokesman[3]| Headquarters| Kanamma, Nigeria|Area  of operations| Northern Nigeria| Opponents| Nigerian State| Battles/wars| Nigerian Sharia conflict 2009 Nigerian sectarian violence| Map of Nigerian states that currently implement Shariah (in green) People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad[5] (Arabic: , Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati Wal-Jihad), better known by its Hausa name Boko Haram, is a jihadist terrorist organization based in the northeast of Nigeria. 6] It is an Islamist movement which strongly opposes man-made laws. Founded by Mohammed Yusuf in 2001[7] or 2002,[8] the organisation is a Muslim sect that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish sharia law in the country. [9][10] The group is also known for attacking Christian churches. [11] The movement, whose name in the Hausa language, Boko Haram, translates as â€Å"Western education is sacrilege†[9] or â€Å"a sin†,[12] is divided into three factions, and in 2011, was responsible for more than 450 killings in Nigeria. 9] Though the group first became known internationally following sectarian violence in Nigeria in 2009, it does not have a clear structure or evident chain of command. [13] Moreover, it is still a matter of debate whether Boko Haram has links to terror outfits outside Nigeria and its fighters have frequently clashed with Nigeria's central government. [9] Contents * 1 Etymology * 2 Ideology * 2. 1 Criticism * 3 History * 3. 1 Background * 3. 2 Origin * 3. 3 The beginning of violence * 3. 4 Reemergence * 4 Assessment * 5 Funding * 6 See also * 7 References * 8 External links| EtymologyThe group has adopted its official name to be People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad, which is the English translation of Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad ( ). In the town of Maiduguri, where the group was formed, the residents dubbed it Boko Haram. The term â€Å"Boko Haram† comes from the Hausa word boko meaning â€Å"western education† and the Arabic word haram figuratively meaning â€Å"sin† (literally, â€Å"forbidden†). [14][15][16][17] The name, loosely translated from Hausa, means â€Å"western education is forbidden†.The group earned this name due to its strong opposition to anything Western, which it sees as corrupting Muslims. [18] Ideology Boko Haram is an indigenous Salafist group which only turned itself into a Salafist Jihadist group in 2009. [6] It propagat es that not only interaction with the Western World is forbidden, but it is also against the Muslim establishment and the government of Nigeria. [19] The group publicly extols its ideology despite the fact that its founder and former leader Muhammad Yusuf was himself a highly educated man who lived a lavish life and drove a Mercedes Benz. 14] The members of the group do not interact with the local Muslim population[20] and have carried out assassinations in the past of any one who criticises it, including Muslim clerics. [18] In a 2009 BBC interview, Muhammad Yusuf, then leader of the group, stated his belief that the concept of a spherical Earth is contrary to Islamic teaching and should be rejected, along with Darwinian evolution and the concept of rain originating from water evaporated by the sun. [21] Before his death, Yusuf reiterated the group's objective of changing the current education system and rejecting democracy. 22] Nigerian academic Hussain Zakaria told BBC News that the controversial cleric had a graduate education, spoke proficient English, lived a lavish lifestyle and drove a Mercedes-Benz. [21] In the wake of the 2009 crackdown on its members and its subsequent reemergence, the growing frequency and geographical range of attacks attributed to Boko Haram have led some political and religious leaders in the north to the conclusion that the group has now expanded beyond its original religious composition to include not only Islamic militants, but criminal elements and disgruntled politicians as well. Boko Haram has become a franchise that anyone can buy into. It's something like a Bermuda Triangle,† said Borno State Governor Kashim Shettima. [23] Criticism Dr Mu’azu Babangida Aliyu, the Niger State governor, has criticised the group saying â€Å"Islam is known to be a religion of peace and does not condone violence and crime in any form† and Boko Haram doesn't represent Islam. [24] The Sultan of Sokoto Sa'adu Abubakar, the s piritual leader of Nigerian Muslims, has called the sect â€Å"anti-Islamic† and, as reported by the website AllAfrica. om, â€Å"an embarrassment to Islam. â€Å"[25] The Coalition of Muslim Clerics in Nigeria (CMCN) have called on the Boko Haram to disarm and embrace peace. [26] The Islamic Circle of North America,[27] the Islamic Supreme Council of Canada,[28] The Muslim Council of Britain,[29] the Organization of Islamic Cooperation[30] and the Council on American Islamic Relations[31] have all condemned the group. History Background Main articles: Islam in Nigeria and Colonial NigeriaBefore colonisation and subsequent annexation into the British Empire, the Bornu Empire ruled the territory where Boko Haram is currently active. It was a sovereign sultanate run according to the principles of the Constitution of Medina, with a majority Kanuri Muslim population. The Bornu Sultanate emerged after the overthrow of the Kanem-Bornu Empire ruled by the Saifawa dynasty for over 2000 years. The Bornu Sultanate of the Kanuri is distinct from the Sokoto Caliphate of the Hausa/Fulani established in 1802 by the military conquest of Usman dan Fodio. 6] Both the Bornu Sultanate and Sokoto Caliphate came under control of the British in 1903. However, due to activities of early Christian missionaries who used Western education as a tool for evangelism, it is viewed with suspicion by the local population. [18] Increased dissatisfaction gave rise to many fundamentalists among the Kanuri and other peoples of northeast Nigeria. One of the most famous such fundamentalists was Mohammed Marwa, also known as Maitatsine, who was at the height of his notoriety during the 1970s and 1980s.He was sent into exile by the British authorities, he refused to believe Mohammed was the Prophet and instigated riots in the country which resulted in the deaths of thousands of people. Some analysts view Boko Haram as an extension of the Maitatsine riots. [32] Origin The group was founded b y Mohammed Yusuf in 2002 in the city of Maiduguri with the aim of establishing a Shari'a government in Borno State under former Governor Ali Modu Sheriff. [7][32] He established a religious complex that included a mosque and a school where many poor families from across Nigeria and from neighboring countries enrolled their children. 18] The centre had ulterior political goals and soon it was also working as a recruiting ground for future jihadis to fight the state. [18] The group includes members who come from neighbouring Chad and Niger and speak only Arabic. [33] In 2004 the complex was relocated to Yusuf's home state of Yobe in the village Kanamma near the Niger border. [22] Human Rights Watch researcher Eric Guttschuss told IRIN News that Yusuf successfully attracted followers from unemployed youth â€Å"by speaking out against police and political corruption. Abdulkarim Mohammed, a researcher on Boko Haram, added that violent uprisings in Nigeria are ultimately due to â€Å"t he fallout of frustration with corruption and the attendant social malaise of poverty and unemployment. â€Å"[34] The beginning of violence Timeline of incidents| 7 September 2010| Bauchi prison break[35]| 31 December 2010| December 2010 Abuja attack[36]| 22 April 2011| Boko Haram frees 14 prisoners during a jailbreak in Yola, Adamawa State[37]| 29 May 2011| May 2011 northern Nigeria bombings[38]| 6 June 2011| The group claims responsibility for the 2011 Abuja police headquarters bombing[39][40]| 26 June 2011| Bombing attack on a beer garden in Maiduguri, leaving 25 dead and 12 injured[41][42]| 10 July 2011| Bombing at the All Christian Fellowship Church in Suleja, Niger State[43]| 11 July 2011| The University of Maiduguri temperory closes down its campus citing security concerns[44]| 12 August 2011| Prominent Muslim Cleric Liman Bana is shot dead by Boko Haram[45]| 26 August 2011| 2011 Abuja bombing[46]| November 2011| 2011 Damaturu attacks[40][47][48]| 25 December 2011| December 2011 Nigeria bombings[49]| 5–6 January 2012| January 2012 Nigeria attacks[50]| 20 January 2012| January 2012 Kano bombings[51]| 28 January 2012| Nigerian army says it killed 11 Boko Haram insurgents[52]| 8 February 2012| Boko Haram claims responsibility for a suicide bombing at the army headquarters in Kaduna. [53]| 16 February 2012| Another prison break staged in central Nigeria; 119 prisoners are released, one warder killed. 54]| 8 March 2012| During a British hostage rescue attempt to free Italian engineer Franco Lamolinara and Briton Christopher McManus, abducted in 2011 by a splinter group Boko Haram, both hostages were killed. [55]| The group conducted its operations more or less peacefully during the first seven years of its existence[6] That changed in 2009 when the Nigerian government launched an investigation into the group's activities following reports that its members were arming themselves. 56] Prior to that the government reportedly repeatedly ignored warnings about the increasingly militant character of the organisation, including that of a military officer. [56] When the government came into action, several members of the group were arrested in Bauchi, sparking deadly clashes with Nigerian security forces which led to the deaths of an estimated 700 people. During the fighting with the security forces Boko Haram fighters reportedly â€Å"used fuel-laden motorcycles† and â€Å"bows with poison arrows† to attack a police station. [57] The group's founder and then leader Mohammed Yusuf was killed during this time while in police custody. 58][59][60] After Yusuf's killing, a new leader emerged whose identity was not known at the time. [61] Reemergence After the killing of M. Yusuf, the group carried out its first terrorist attack in Borno in January 2010. It resulted in the killing of four people. [62] Since then, the violence has only escalated in terms of both frequency and intensity. In January 2012, Abubakar Shekau, a form er deputy to Yusuf, appeared in a video posted on YouTube. According to Reuters, Shekau took control of the group after Yusuf's death in 2009. [1] Authorities had previously believed that Shekau died during the violence in 2009. 63] By early 2012, the group was responsible for over 900 deaths. [64] Assessment Boko Haram is considered a major potential terrorist threat affecting Nigeria and other countries, and U. S. officials believe it is potentially allied with Al Qaeda. U. S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) Commander General Carter F. Ham stated in September 2011 that three African terrorist groups – Shabab of Somalia, Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb across the Sahel region, and Boko Haram – â€Å"have very explicitly and publicly voiced an intent to target Westerners, and the U.S. specifically† and that he was concerned with â€Å"the voiced intent of the three organizations to more closely collaborate and synchronize their efforts. â€Å"[65] General Ham reitera ted his concern after the Christmas Day 2011 bombings of churches in Nigeria: â€Å"I remain greatly concerned about their stated intent to connect with Al Qaeda senior leadership, most likely through Al Qaeda in the lands of the Islamic Maghreb. †[65] The US House of Representatives Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence urged the Obama Administration and U.S. intelligence community in November 2011 to focus on Boko Haram as a potential threat to United States territory. [66] Nigeria's National Security Adviser, General Owoye Andrew Azazi, has been working with other African governments, European and Middle Eastern governments, and the U. S. government to build cooperation against Boko Haram. He met in 2010 with then-CIA Director Leon Panetta, and in 2011 with AFRICOM Commander General Ham, and other U. S. fficials, and was in the United States when the congressional panel was preparing its report on Boko Haram. He participated in a CIA conference at about the sam e time. [67] After the Christmas 2011 bombings carried out by Boko Haram, President Barack Obama's office issued a statement that confirmed that the U. S. and Nigeria were cooperating at a senior level against the terrorist group. [68] Funding A spokesman of Boko Haram claimed that Kano state governor Ibrahim Shekarau and Bauchi state governor Isa Yuguda has paid them monthly. [69][70]

Biological Oxygen Demand ( Bod ) - 1720 Words

Other Parameters Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is also monitored to quantify the amount of oxygen needed to break down organic material in a water sample. BOD was generally higher and more variable at different locations around Abu Dhabi City and in Confined Areas, although mean BOD at all locations was generally lower from 2013–2015 than in previous years for which data are available. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) are solids in water that can be trapped by a filter and may include a wide variety of material, such as silt, decaying plant matter, industrial wastes, and sewage. In general, TSS has been higher in the past 5 years in Confined Areas than at the other stations. TSS has declined since 2011 at all locations except in MPAs, where the annual mean TSS was highest in 2013. Mean TSS in 2015 was highest in May in Confined Areas. Organic pollutants are chemical compounds that contain carbon and have a negative effect on one or more components of the environment. From 2011–2015, EAD monitored marine waters for two organic pollutants: total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). TPHs is a term used to describe a mixture of several hundreds of chemical compounds that are derived from crude oil. Measurable background concentrations of TPH can be a result of excess oil contamination or in some cases the result of a natural petroleum seep. High levels of some petroleum hydrocarbons can cause adverse health effects, including benzene, which is aShow MoreRelatedAssessment Of Bod, Cod As Organic Pollution Indicator Levels Of Varhala Lake Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesASSESSMENT OF BOD, COD AS ORGANIC POLLUTION INDICATOR LEVELS OF VARHALA LAKE ABSTRACT Lakes are of great importance both from the natural and economic point of view. Lake water is a source of drinking and domestic water supply for people living in and around the area. The present study was conducted to assess the organic pollution indicators like BOD, COD and DO. The sampling of water was based on human and aquatic activities around the lake. Water from five sampling stations of Varhala Lake wasRead MoreImportance Of Water Quality Analysis1596 Words   |  7 PagesAs a follow-up to the request for proposals for obsolete equipment replacement funds, from the Financial Services Division, I have assessed the current Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) testing equipment used for water quality analysis by the Water Quality Research Laboratory Division. 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